Teach English in China - ESL Teaching Jobs, Hiring Season, Work Visas, Summer Job Opportunities

Minimum Educational Requirements:	High School Diploma or BA Degree *** and Oxford Seminars' TESOL/TESL/TEFL Certificate
Typical Length of Contract:	Flexible (preference is one year)
Peak Hiring Season:	All year
Teaching Hours per Week:	20-35
Monthly Salary:	4,000 - 10,000 CNY
End of Contract Bonus:	One month’s salary
Other Bonuses:	Airfare and accommodations are included
Exchange Rate:	As of 07-29-2010 1.00 CAD = 6.5 CNY 1.00 CNY = 0.15 CAD
Income Tax:	5-20%
Cost of Living per Month:	Cost of a Big Mac = 12.5 CNY
Accommodations Provided:	Usually included
Airfare Provided:	Included
Return Airfare Provided:	Subsidized airfare may be included depending on the employer and length of teaching contract
Health Care Provided:	Sometimes included
Paid Holidays:	Paid
Typical Holidays:	Four to six weeks paid holidays plus 10 public holidays (Chinese New Year’s Day plus 3 days each in February, May, and October)
Visa:	A passport that is valid for at least six months, one passport photo (the picture can be either black and white, or colour), an Alien Employment Licence form provided by the school offering employment, and an official letter of appointment with the school's seal, certificate of health exam from a family doctor; applicants may be asked for their resume written in Chinese and copies of diplomas/certification to show their qualifications for the job.
Types of Teaching Jobs:	ESL Teacher, Corporate Teacher Trainer, Assistant Language Teacher (ALT)
Largest Chain of Schools:	Wall Street Institute, EF English First, Shane English Schools
Canadian Embassy Address:	19 Dongzhimenwai Dajie, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100600 PRC Phone: 86 10 5139 4000 Fax: 86 10 5139 4000
Canadian Consulates:	Three consulates located in Chongqing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou; one additional consulate in Hong Kong
Important Notes:	*** Applicants should be aware that certain regions/schools of China require a BA degree.

Why Teach in China

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has the perfect blend of an ancient past and rapidly growing technology. China is the birthplace of the written word, the compass, paper, and gunpowder. China’s massive landscape is one of the most diverse on the planet, featuring everything from the hot and dry Gobi Desert to the monstrous Mount Everest. The world’s spotlight has been on China since the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and even with the games passing, many ESL teachers are still interested in finding work teaching English to people of all ages and backgrounds in China.

Some have estimated that there are 450 million Chinese people currently learning English in China. With so much interest, it’s easy to see why thousands of ESL teachers are calling China home. There is a wide range of pay for teaching English in China, as it really depends on where a teacher wants to teach and what qualifications they bring to the table. Teaching salaries will vary depending on an ESL teacher’s education, experience, location of the school and what bonuses are included in the teacher’s contract. Salaries for teaching English in China have an extremely diverse range of ¥4,000 to ¥20,000 a year. Usually, teachers working in China have their accommodation costs included as part of their salary.

What to Know About Teaching English in China

Housing

Most English teaching jobs will include an apartment for the teacher to live in.  Apartment costs vary depending on the school and the desired city.  If a job posting has a higher than usual rate of pay it may be due to the fact that the school does not provide housing. Usually this information is included in the job posting and one should definitely ask for clarification on these details after receiving a job offer.

The apartments that English teachers occupy are usually located on or near a campus; and are often shared with a roommate.  For the most part English teachers find themselves in apartments which have many western world conveniences that are considered to be norms in the teacher’s homeland.  Apartments usually include a bed, a table set, television set, refrigerator, a desk, laundry facilities and other staples of the western world.  Many teachers are worried about the prospect of having a traditional Chinese toilet (which is essentially a covered hole in the floor), but one should not worry too much about the subject.  The reason why there are so many English teaching jobs in China is because the country is moving in a western direction with the fusing of North American culture with their own, which includes plumbing practices.

Expected Apartment Costs

In some rare cases an ESL teacher may not have accommodations included with their new job.  This may not be a concern for some and it usually means the teacher will make more money than those whom have their housing paid for.  The price of housing is very affordable in China and that includes apartments in major Chinese cities.  A nice apartment in a central location of a major city will cost roughly $1,000-a-month.

Airfare

The majority of schools will pay for the flight costs of their new ESL teachers. It is standard that employers pay for the flight of their native English speakers, but how it is done varies. Most of the time, ESL teachers are responsible for the initial cost of the one-way ticket to China. This cost will be reimbursed in the future after a probationary time has expired. Sometimes teachers will need to wait until their one-year contract has been fulfilled to qualify for the reimbursement. Once the contract has expired, teachers are usually given the money for another one-way ticket to get back home.

Cost of Flying to China

This is an initial cost that will need to be temporarily assumed by the majority of ESL teachers, so it is important to find the most affordable and convenient airline ticket to China. Usually, the best place to start is the Internet; spending time online at various travel discount sites can save English teachers a lot of money. Finding flights to China is fairly easy to do, as most international airports have multiple flights leaving for China daily.
In addition to researching flight options, English teachers should also try to buy their plane ticket in advance to save even more money. Be sure to keep any receipts from the ticket as these will need to be submitted in order to get reimbursement from the school in China.

Health Benefits

Medicine is an interesting and important element of Chinese history. The Chinese have always taken a naturalist approach to their medical practices. Ancient Chinese doctors used a combination of herbal and food remedies to treat many ailments and injuries. In addition to using naturopathic medication for medical treatment, traditional Chinese medicine relies heavily on massage, acupuncture, and preventative care. Today, medicine in the People's Republic of China is a hybrid between the traditional Chinese practices and modern medicine imported from the western world. Traditional medicine has made its way around the world and many medical professionals in Canada incorporate the use of herbal remedies and other traditional Chinese medical practices in their treatment for patients.

The goals of the Chinese health care system are to provide care for all Chinese citizens, to maximize hospital beds and the time of their medical professionals, and to get the most out of the money invested into the system. With over 1.4 billion citizens living within its borders, the Chinese health care system works fine for the most part, but it lacks funding. With most of the Chinese population living in large urban areas such as Beijing, Xian, and Shanghai, much of the health care system's resources are devoted to these locations. Getting medical attention from a health care professional when living in a rural area or small city can be a much more difficult task.

The Chinese health care system has been seeing signs of improvement with statistics for life expectancy and infant mortality rates catching up to other world powers. Currently, there are concerns about smog, cigarette smoking, STDs, and other unhealthy variables.

One of the most important things any English teacher should do before leaving for China is carefully review the contract they have accepted. The amount of health care coverage an English teacher will receive varies between schools. Some schools offer on-site medical facilities and full coverage for any treatment received elsewhere, while some provide their teachers with a detailed private insurance plan. At other schools, teachers are responsible for many of their own medical expenses. If there is any confusion about medical coverage after reading a contract, be sure to ask the school to specify this information. In most cases, it is highly recommended to couple the school's benefit plan with a private health insurance package that will cover any medical, dental, or prescription costs occurring while teaching in China.

Retirement Age

The retirement age in China is a constant source of debate in the nation and is a sore spot for many. Currently, women working for the government or a state-run company must retire at 55 years of age, while men can work an additional five years and retire at 60. Women working a blue collar job must leave after they reach the age of 50; again, men are able to work an extra five years. Many people are retiring even earlier, sometimes in their 40's. Age discrimination does exist in many parts of the world, including China. Older ESL teachers may experience a more difficult job search than a younger counterpart would.

Technology and Advancement

Throughout the nation's history, Chinese thinkers have made valuable contributions to the world's understanding of sciences, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. To this day, the Chinese to be at the forefront of the world of technology and advancement.

China is a leader in the international technology industry and in many other technologies including computer technology, space travel, information technology, energy creation, and others. In addition, the Chinese government is one the strongest opponents against free speech on the Internet and other mediums. It may be hard for English teachers in China to access media from popular websites like CNN, Wikipedia, BBC, the New York Times, and other online news sites due to censorship.

Enjoying modern technologies such as high speed Internet, cable television, and cell phones will not be an issue in China. 

Transportation in China

During the last half of the 20th Century, the Chinese substantially upgraded their transportation system. After World War II, many Chinese viewed the lack of transportation in their country as an inconvenience for getting around, as well as hurting the transportation of goods both locally and abroad. Today, commuters have many options to travel both short distances within a city and long distances across China's massive countryside.

The transportation system in the People's Republic of China has recently undergone a massive overhaul with many cities updating and adding full subway and rail systems. Beijing alone invested $22 billion into traffic issues to prepare for the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Public Transportation

• Taxi

  Many people find that getting a taxi to take them around town is safe and convenient. ESL teachers will find that most cities, towns, and even villages have some form of taxi service. Riding a taxi in China is very similar to the way it works in America. There are very few taxi drivers that know how to speak English; if an English teacher is not prepared, they could have a difficult time getting to their destination and may even end up in the wrong place. It is recommended that teachers carry a business card with their work and home address in Chinese, or have a local write down a destination.

• Train and Subway

  With concerns over air pollution, the Chinese are like many other nations and encourage the use of public transportation. The first subway system in China was built in Beijing in 1969. Today, most large urban areas in China feature an underground train system. Teachers working in China can ride the subway in Beijing, Changchun, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Nanjing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin, and Wuhan. In addition to the subway, many cities in China offer commuters the option of taking light rail trains to get around the city and many others are currently expanding their urban rail systems.

  Commuters in China will be able to travel at lightning-fast speeds on the new Beijing-Tianjin High-Speed Rail. This high-speed train system will allow passengers to travel 300km/h, hitting speeds of 350km/h if needed. The new high-tech train system will make a trip from Beijing to Tianjin last only a half-hour.

  The train is the still one of the cheapest ways to travel across China. There are four different options for train riders when traveling a long distance.

  • Hard Seat - Buying a hard seat ticket is the cheapest way to travel across China. Unfortunately, it also the most popular. The seats are often very uncomfortable and extremely crowded (there are generally more people than seats, so riders may have to stand throughout the trip). It is highly recommended to spend a couple extra yuan and upgrade from a hard seat ticket when traveling a long distance.
  • Soft Seat - As the title suggests, the main reason to buy a soft seat ticket is because the seat has a better cushion on it and is much more comfortable than its discounted counterpart. There are usually plenty of seats in these train cars and it is still a fairly inexpensive ticket.
  • Hard Sleeper - For longer trips, English teachers need to think about where they are going to sleep and a hard sleeper ticket is the cheapest long commute fare. The hard sleeper cart has no door and includes six very small beds with little padding. There is a 'traditional' Chinese toilet on each train car and commuters can purchase a ticket for a relatively cheap price.
  • Soft Sleeper - For those liking to travel in comfort, the soft sleeper may be the best option. Each compartment on this part of the train offers a door for privacy. The space is much less crowded than hard sleepers. There are four bunks in a room and the beds have much more padding and are larger. Commuters will often have access to a western-style toilet with this ticket.

  The railway system can take ESL teachers from one end of China to the other, but it can also take travelers out of the country. The Chinese railway is connected to foreign railway systems in North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, and the Chinese-ruled Hong Kong.

• Bus

  Like the train, the bus is an inexpensive way to travel within a city or to other destinations across China. When ESL teachers travel long distances they will find advantages to buying a bus ticket instead of a train ticket. The bus will travel to many remote locations and smaller towns that trains cannot access. More often than not, a train will fill up much quicker than a bus. For this reason, it is much easier to get a bus ticket than a train ticket and to find a place to sit. The price to travel on a bus is usually comparable to that of the train, occasionally, it can be cheaper.

Other Modes of Transportation

Other modes of transportation that are available for ESL teachers include:

• Bicycle

  The bicycle is the most popular form of transportation in China. The streets and roadways of China are loaded with cyclists making their way to work, shopping, or just out for a leisurely ride. There are so many bicycles on city streets during peak hours that it often creates a crowd of cyclists. Most bicycles in China are fairly simple; they usually do not have multiple gears or other common North American add-ons. People teaching ESL in China will need to get used to riding a bike in a massive crowd of other cyclists if they wish to use it as a form of transportation.

• Air

  China is a very large country, so long distance trains and buses are crowded and usually have extensive routes. If time is an issue and money is not a concern, an ESL teacher can travel to most areas of China via airplane. There are over 500 airports in China, all of varying sizes and each offering different services. Many of these airports are small and only offer domestic flights, but some do offer international flights. With the amount of people flying domestically in China, it is expected that the amount of airports will grow by an additional 200 by 2010.

• Motor Vehicles

  Over the last couple of years, more people in China are purchasing their own automobiles and leaving their bicycles at home. In addition to purchasing more cars, the Chinese are also buying more motorcycles and scooters and it is becoming very evident on the streets of urban areas. With the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, the Chinese government devoted much of its resources towards upgrading the nation's 3.3 million km of roadway. Work is also being done to convert old dirt-topped roads into more modern, paved roads. This improvement in China's road system has meant that more companies are transporting their goods via large trucks and transports. In the past, this process was done mostly with rail.

Getting a Chinese Driver's Licenses

China was not part of the International Convention on Driving Licenses, so there is no set protocol in place for converting an Canadian driver's license into a Chinese version. English teachers in China wanting to drive will need to get a Chinese driver's license by writing a test (if a driver has had their license for less than three years they will need to perform a driving test as well). For around ¥300, ESL teachers can take the computer-based driver's test (test-takers must be at least 18 years old with a valid license from their native country). If an understanding of the Chinese language is a concern, teachers should bring someone to translate written information. Be sure to bring a passport, the foreign driver's license that needs to be replaced, and a cash payment. Before taking the exam, people are asked to fill out an application form and have a basic eye examination. Teachers can take the test in one of nine languages, including English. A score of 90 percent or better is a pass. If the test is passed, a Chinese driver's license will arrive within a couple of weeks. If the test is failed, a rewrite is included with the fee as long as it is taken within ten days of the failed test time.

Banking in China

Setting up a bank account in China is a fairly easy process, as most banks will be happy to help out. In order to set up a bank account, bring a valid passport and current contact information. Banking in China is much like North America; there is 24-hour ATM access and many banks offer online banking to their customers. Most bank accounts do include an ATM card, but it is hard to get a credit card attached to a new bank account. In addition to going to the bank to set up an account, a bank is a great place to convert foreign currency into Chinese yuan.

Peak ESL Hiring Season in China

Many aspiring ESL teachers have learned that it is always peak hiring season for teachers in China. That being said, it is notably easier to find a teaching job at schools between July and September.

Public and Private School System

Every Chinese child must have at least nine years of education in China. The materials delivered in a Chinese classroom are set by the Chinese National Education Council’s national curriculum. Typically Chinese classrooms are much more crowded than those in North America, with an average of 45 students in a classroom. Schools within the Chinese public education system typically deliver their teaching in Chinese only. Students are more likely to learn English in a private school as opposed to a public one.

Private Lessons

In addition to the high number of job openings in schools, there are a lot of prospective Chinese students interested in hiring an English teacher for private lessons. It is recommended that a teacher interested in providing private English lessons live in China for some time before they start. If a teacher has knowledge of the Chinese language, they can expect to make more money than someone without this competency.

How to Find Jobs Teaching English in China

Finding a job in China is much different from other ESL markets due to the many options available to English teachers. There are public, private, and post-secondary institutions all actively seeking TESOL certified instructors. Prospective English instructors must decide on what they are looking for and ask themselves the following questions:

 

• What appeals more, living in a rural or urban environment?
• Which age group would be the best fit?
• How many working hours are acceptable?
• What level of English would students need to comprehend in an ideal job?
• Is travelling and time off an important element of the ESL experience?
• How much of a factor is salary and included living expenses such as apartment space, paid flights, etc.?

Once a teacher decides which elements of a job teaching English in China appeals to them, it is time to begin the job search. Like in Canada, a job-seeker's best tool is usually the Internet and there are plenty of job listing sites that may offer some help.

Please take some time and review the following online resources:

• Oxford Seminars' Global ESL Schools Directory
• Dave's ESL Café - http://www.eslcafe.com
• Cathay Teacher - http://www.cathayteacher.com
• Learn 4 Good - http://www.learn4good.com/jobs/
• Craigslist - http://beijing.craigslist.com.cn/

Largest Chain Schools in China

Many ESL teachers living in China find that an international English school may be their best way to begin their teaching careers. In general, smaller private schools are looking for fewer qualifications when hiring a teacher and are usually happy to hire a native English speaker with a TESOL certification. There are international private English schools scattered throughout China and many are looking to recruit.

Buckland International Education Group
With 56 locations throughout China, the Buckland International Education Group is always looking for new ESL teachers. Usually a TESOL certification is all it takes to qualify for a teaching job. Teachers are given money towards their flight, and accommodations are included. Usually, Chinese ESL teachers are paid ¥4,000 to ¥6,000 per month.
http://www.bucklandgroup.org

ABC Foreign Language Training School

With the ABC Foreign Language Training School, English teachers can choose to teach in China for a six-month or one-year contract. Teachers are paid ¥3,500 to ¥5,000 for teaching 25 hours a week. Like many teaching positions in China, ESL instructors will be provided a modern apartment and money towards their flight. The ABC Foreign Language Training School does require a TESOL certification and may ask for relevant post-secondary education.
http://www.abc.com.cn

American International School of Guangzhou (AISG)
One of the largest and oldest international English schools in China, the American International School of Guangzhou (AISG), attracts the attention of many English teachers. There are almost 1,000 students from 40 different nations whom are enrollled in the school. Lessons at the school are based around an English curriculum. Students range from kindergarten to Grade 12. The school promotes an active lifestyle with their many sports teams and clubs. English teachers thinking about applying to this school must be well qualified, as the school asks for a minimum of a Bachelor's Degree, Teaching certification, TESOL certification, and teaching experience.
http://www.aisgz.edu.cn/

Additional ESL Resources to Help Teach English in China

Many ESL teachers find that preparing to travel to the other side of the world to live and work is a lot to handle, but there are plenty of online resources out there to make this transition a little easier. It's important to research things like language, food, and other elements of Chinese life, but be sure to research possible travel destinations and other recreational activities.

The Internet gives future ESL teachers a chance to read about the experiences that other English teachers have had while working in the People's Republic of China. Not only is there text about teaching in China, there are also videos and forums which allow the ability to communicate with others.

Please note that these are merely examples of the resources available and they may not suit individual teaching needs.

• Oxford Seminars' ESL Teaching Resources
• Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China
• Footprints Recruiting - http://www.footprintsrecruiting.com
• Chinese - English Dictionary - http://www.mandarintools.com/worddict.html
• Middle Kingdom Life - http://www.middlekingdomlife.com/

Preparing to Teach English in China

Chinese etiquette can easily be lost in translation by those from the western world, but proper etiquette is something the Chinese hold in high regard and is ingrained in their culture.

General Etiquette

• For a long time, tipping was considered rude in China, but now that attitude is shifting and many younger people will leave a small amount of money after receiving excellent service.
• Wearing jeans is okay for a casual setting, but while performing business, men are expected to wear subtle-coloured suits, women should dress conservatively and avoid high-heels.
• It is considered improper to discuss religion during a conversation.
• It doesn't matter if it is a business meeting or a casual get-together; always be early or on time. The Chinese frown upon being late and it may destroy a business contact or a friendship.
• Unlike many cultures, the Chinese consider it extremely rude to discuss business during a meal.
• The most common form of greeting in China is shaking hands, but some people still prefer to greet with the traditional bow or nod of the head. It is important to pay attention to a person's greeting and respond with the same gesture.
• Avoid touching anyone in public.
• The Chinese consider gesturing while speaking to be unnecessary and even rude.
• It is illegal to give a gift to any government employee whom the person does not have a personal friendship with.

These are some of the more prominent customs and they may vary by region.

Business Etiquette

• It is nearly impossible to do business in China without making an appointment. Be sure to plan any form of a business meeting in advance.
• Don't be alarmed if it takes a long time to get feedback after a business proposal. The Chinese are known for taking their time and carefully evaluating their decisions, especially those having to do with business.
• Many Chinese business people are not interested in doing business with someone they do not know. Try to develop as many contacts as possible and tap into their network of connections.
• Remember that a person's rank in a company carries a lot of weight in China, so be mindful of who is in a room and what each person's role is within a company.
• Even with the Internet age, many Chinese will only meet face-to-face to discuss any form of business.

Eating Etiquette

• If invited to dinner at someone's home, it is considered to be a very great honour. Turning down an invitation to dine at another's home should be avoided at all costs.
• Always remove any outdoor footwear before entering a Chinese home.
• During a meal be sure to try all food offered; not tasting something is considered to be very rude.
• Never take the last portion of something, no matter how good it tastes. Simply leave it on the table.
• When eating meat, do not leave the bones from the meal on the plate. Bones are placed in a designated dish, or simply left on the table.
• Food is served in dishes placed in the middle of the table for all to share and food is eaten one item at a time. Filling one's plate with samples of all the dishes at once is looked at as rude and is great way to get some nasty looks from fellow diners.
• The host will make the first toast and will be the person to sample each dish first.
• No one will be offended if a guest does not finish their food. A Chinese host simply expects their guests to at least try everything.

Chopstick Etiquette

• The most important rule of dining in the People's Republic of China is to always use chopsticks when at someone's home or when dining in public. If an ESL teacher is unsure of how to use chopsticks, they should practice before they arrive in China.
• Be sure to put the chopsticks down on the table on a regular basis and always place them down when talking or drinking.
• Only use chopsticks for eating; do not play with them in any fashion.
• While eating rice with chopsticks it is normal and expected for diners to hold their bowl close to their face to avoid making a mess.
• Never stab food with chopsticks. It may sound ancient, but this is a sign of hostility and is extremely insulting and rude.

Language in China

The Chinese language is often thought of as a language family because it combines many local dialects with commonly used Mandarin as its base. In many areas of China, the people still use their local versions of the Chinese language and Cantonese is spoken in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macau. Variations of the modern Chinese language have been found in use since the Zhu Dynasty. It is estimated that one-fifth of today's world population speaks the Chinese language.

Throughout history, many people around the world have marveled at the written word of the Chinese and how detailed and unique it is compared to the characters of other world languages. Like China, the characters of the Chinese language have undergone a series of historical changes. During the mid-20th century, the Chinese government worked to develop simplified Chinese. This adaptation eliminated many of the strokes from the ancient letters and modernized them by using the basic elements of the character. This provided the Chinese with more user-friendly fonts that were easier to write, read, and memorize. Both simplified and traditional Chinese handwriting is in use today, and like many aspects of language, its usage varies from city to city. Researching and gaining a basic understanding of the Chinese written language could be an advantage to teaching English in China. It will offer insight into how writing skills can be transferred from Chinese to English.

It is fairly easy to find Chinese language lessons in most North American urban regions. Learning Chinese is definitely worthwhile for an English teacher before they begin an ESL career in the People's Republic of China. In the meantime, here are some useful Chinese phrases to practice and remember:

• Hello
  Ni hao
• Thank you
  Xie xie
• How much does this cost?
  Duo shao qian?
• Where is the toilet?
  Ce suo zai na
• My name is _______.
  Wo jiao _______ ye.
• Good bye
  Zai jian
• Doctor
  Yi sheng
• Where is_______?
  ______ zai na?
• Where am I?
  Zher shi shen me di fang?
• How do I get to ________?
  Dao ___________ zen me zou?
• Where can I catch a taxi?
  Zai nar cheng chu zu che zhan?
• Bus station
  Gong gong qi che
• Excuse me
  Bu hao yi si

Eating in China

Chinese Cuisine

Chinese cuisine is one of the most popular foreign foods around the world, but much of the food is simply an Americanized adaptation of the real thing. Chinese food can be separated into the eight food categories; these regional classifications each have their own style, ingredients and flavour. The traditional categories are Anhui, Cantonese, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, and Zhejiang foods, but some argue that this list could easily be expanded. China and its food are both known for their unique history and extreme diversity.

One thing that separates a Chinese dining experience from dining in other parts of the world is the use of chopsticks. According to Chinese tradition, forks and knives are looked at as weapons and chopsticks are meant for only eating food. Chopsticks have played a large role in how Chinese food is actually prepared. Food is often cut into small pieces and rice is meant to be sticky, allowing diners to have an easier time using chopsticks to eat. English teachers need to familiarize themselves with the use of chopsticks and will stick out if they chose to dine in public with utensils.

Meals are usually served along with rice, while communal dishes are placed in the middle of the table for everyone to help themselves.
After living in China for some time, most English teachers will realize that there is little beef in traditional dishes, with most meals usually featuring pork. The preference for pork over beef is due to cost of raising pigs compared to cattle and the fact that many Chinese simply prefer the taste of pork. In addition, the Chinese also incorporate chicken, duck, fish, goose, and sheep into their dishes. The local resources available in an area will determine which meats are featured in meals. Many Chinese choose not to drink anything with their meals believing that a digestive system could be hurt if cold beverages are consumed with a meal. Some choose to drink hot tea as an alternative drink. Following the local culinary traditions will help ESL teachers fit in and truly experience the Chinese culture.

With so much food in the People's Republic of China, many people from the other side of the world would probably be surprised to hear that the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that 12 percent of the Chinese population does not get enough food to properly survive on. Many of these individuals live in rural areas and with the modernization of cities in China, people living outside the urban areas are finding it much harder to make ends meet. This is something for any prospective ESL teacher to think about if considering teaching in one of these areas.

Some of China's more popular dishes include:

• Peking Duck - One of China's most famous dishes, ducks are raised to provide the meat specifically for this dish. The duck is killed after 65 days and then multiple steps are performed to prepare the meat, including separating the fat. Eventually, the meat is glazed with maltose syrup. Traditionally, the Peking Duck is carved in front of restaurant patrons and the meal begins by diners first eating the duck's skin, then the meat, served with Chinese-style pancakes and vegetables.
• Wonton - Wontons can be found in various dishes in a traditional Chinese cookbook. Typically a wonton is a dumpling that is filled with shrimp, pork, and other ingredients. Popular ways to serve wonton are by frying it or boiling it into a Wonton Soup.
• Chinese steamed eggs - Similar to a North American omelet, eggs are mixed with various ingredients. Instead of frying the eggs, this dish is steamed.
• Kung Pao Chicken - Kung Pao Chicken is considered to be a delicacy in China. Marinated chicken is mixed with various oils, spices, peppercorn and chilies.

Chinese Tea

Many historians claim that the most popular drink in the world, second only to water, was invented in China. Tea is steeped in China's history as much as any former dynasty or Great Wall. It's hard to separate the truth from legend; there are many different tales about how tea came to be. Some estimate that there are as many as 1,000 different variations of tea within the borders of China. The Chinese have not only used tea as a beverage, but throughout its history tea was also utilized for its medicinal effects when combined with various herbs. With tea being such a staple of the Chinese diet, many English teachers will find the wide selection of tea available to be another attractive element of teaching English in China.

The rest of the world caught onto China's discovery and now there are not many places where a tea-drinker can't find a cup of steaming tea. When seeking medical treatment for a common aliment, such as a cold or a fever, English teachers may be offered medicinal tea as an option.

Food Costs in China

Much of the grocery shopping in China for fresh produce and meat happens at the street market. This can be an exciting place for new English teachers in China as it is not uncommon to see an item with no price information on it; this is usually a ticket for some bartering. It is now fairly easy to find supermarkets in larger cities, but beware: although they may be more convenient, these stores can be much more expensive than the market.

Below are some examples of typical Chinese food prices.

• 1 kg of tomatoes
  ¥24.50
• 1 kg of raw chicken wings
  ¥29.50
• 1 kg of pork
  ¥4.00
• Quart of strawberries
  ¥12.00

Climate in China

China is one of the world's largest countries and features a wide range of climate zones. If an ESL teacher was to travel through China, they would see deserts, fertile grasslands, and mountains.

The northern region of China has hot summers and cold winters. The middle area receives temperate weather with hot summers and cold winters. The southern part of China has very hot summers and warm winters. Again, the weather in China is extremely diverse, so be sure to research the weather in the location of any ESL job.

• Cold-temperate zone - Known for having some of the cooler temperatures in China. This climate zone features four seasons. Cities in this zone include Jiamusi, Harbin, and Qiqihar.
• Temperate zone - ESL teachers living in this region of China will experience moderate winter and summer seasons. Cities in this zone include Hohhot, Shenyang, Dunhuang, and Urumqi.
• Warm-temperate zone - Located along the Yellow River, this climate zone has heavier rainfall from August to October and usually has warm temperatures throughout the year. Cities in this zone include Jinan, Taiyuan, Xian, Luoyang, and Zhengzhou.
• Subtropical zone - Generally humid, this climate zone has summers that are wet and hot, and mild and dry. Cities in this zone include Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Zhenjiang, Yichang, and Wuxi.
• Tropical zone - There is little sway in temperature in this climate zone. Temperatures are warm in the winter and hot in the summer. This area of China has a higher rate of typhoons than other regions. Cities in this zone include Guangdong, Yunnan, and Taiwan.
• Plateau climate zone - Known for having comfortable temperatures, this region of China features mild summer and winter seasons. Cities in this zone include Shigatse, Lhasa, and Shannan.

Natural Disasters

China is all too familiar with natural disasters and the damage they can do to both human lives and material things. In 2008, China was hit by one of the deadliest earthquakes of all time: the Great Sichuan Earthquake. It is estimated that over 61,000 people were killed and countless more were injured or made homeless.

In addition to being highly prone to earthquakes, there are other natural disasters that have been known to hit China. Some of the world's largest and most deadliest droughts and floods have happened on Chinese soil.

Another thing that ESL teachers should be aware of is the infamous Chinese monsoon season, which runs from April to October. During this time, flooding, severe rainstorms, and landslides all increase. It is important that English teachers spend some time researching the history of natural disasters in a Chinese region before moving there. Historically the Chinese have experienced earthquakes, flooding (especially along the Yellow River), landslides, heat waves, and other natural disasters. Additionally, while teaching in China be sure to regularly check and respect the warnings of locals, weather warnings, and forecasts.

Holidays in China

Chinese holidays are some of the most unique in the world. Traditional Chinese holidays are based around the lunar calendar. It is important for ESL teachers in China to take note of holidays because businesses and transit could be closed or operate with reduced hours.

Traditional Holidays in China

• Last day of the lunar year - Chinese New Year Eve (chuxi) - A holiday that is meant for getting together with family and loved ones. In addition to a family feast (usually of fish), celebrators spend time cleaning their homes before the dinner begins.
• First day of a lunar year - Chinese New Year (xinnián) - Chinese New Year is known all around the world as a time of celebration and superstition. In addition to featuring some of the best fireworks displays in the world, the Chinese New Year is a time of hope for a prosperous new year and of thanks for wealth and family.
• 15th day of the first lunar month - Lantern Festival (yuánxiojié) - The Lantern Festival is another one of China's well known holidays. The Chinese watch parades featuring beautifully constructed traditional lanterns and the celebrators dance.
• Second day of the second lunar month - Zhonghe Festival (zhonghéjié) - The Zhonghe Festival (also known as Blue Dragon Festival) is a time to celebrate the dragon. It was believed that the dragon carried many powers, including the ability to produce rain for the farmers' fields.
• Third day of the third lunar month - Shangsi Festival (sh ngsìjié) - The Shangsi Festival is also known as Traditional Chinese Women's Day. This holiday is unlike any others; women are given the work day off with pay, while in many cases men need to remain at work.
• 104 days after the winter solstice - Qing Ming Jie (qongmíngjié) - Celebrated for the first time as an official holiday in 2008, Qing Ming Jie means 'Tomb Sweeping Day'. During this time, the Chinese remember their ancestors whom have passed away and go to their graves to offer sacrifices such as food, tea, and wine.
• Fifth day of the fifth lunar month - Duanwu Festival (duonwojié) - The most popular thing to do during the Duanwu Festival is to watch the various dragon boat races which happen across the country. After watching the race many Chinese sit down to a traditional meal of Zongzi, which is a rice-based dumpling filled with red beans.
• Sixth day of the sixth lunar month - Bathing and Basking Festival (xosh ijié) - Traditionally the Chinese have woken up for the Bathing and Basking Festival to place clothes and books outside under the sun.
• Seventh day of the seventh lunar month - Qi Xi (Night of Sevens) (qx) - Similar to North America's Valentine's Day, this is a time for couples to have a night together. The Chinese holiday is based on an ancient story of a young couple separated by the stars. According to the Chinese legend, the stars aligned to bring the pair together for one night on the Night of Sevens.
• 15th day of the seventh lunar month - Spirit Festival (zhongyuánjié) - The Spirit festival has some similarities to Halloween. Legends says that the gates of hell open to let lost spirits wander the earth for a night to get food and drink. Many Chinese burn pretend money for good luck.
• 15th day of the eighth lunar month - Mid-Autumn Festival (zhongqiojié) - The Mid-Autumn Festival is a time to get together with friends and family and celebrate under the moon. The holiday was first held for the Chinese to celebrate a successful harvest. Today the celebrators burn incense and eat traditional moon cakes (a Chinese dessert associated with the holiday).
• Ninth day of the ninth lunar month - Double Ninth Festival (chóngyángjié) - Traditionally, the Double Ninth Festival is a day where the Chinese would climb mountains and remember the dead. In today's world many communities use this holiday to celebrate and volunteer with the elderly.
• 15th day of the tenth lunar month - Water Lantern Festival (xiayuanjie) - This holiday begins when the sun sets. At sundown, people place glowing lanterns afloat in streams and rivers in remembrance of the dead.
• When the solar latitude is 270 degrees - Winter Solstice Festival (dongzhì) - This holiday held in the winter is another occasion for the Chinese to gather with family and friends and celebrate. Traditional foods for this holiday include Tangyuan (a food made from rich flour), balls of rice, and dumplings.
• Eighth day of the 12th lunar month - Laba Festival (l bojié) - Similar to most traditional Chinese holidays, Laba Festival is based within the Buddhist faith. According to Buddhist beliefs, Buddha gained enlightenment on this day.

Public Holidays in China

• January 1st - New Year - A holiday given to the Chinese during the western world's New Year's celebrations.
• Chinese New Year - (see above)
• Qing Ming Festival - (see above)
• May 1st - Labour Day - A day designed for celebrating the achievements of workers and at the same time awarding them with a day off from their jobs.
• Dragon Boat Festival - (see above)
• Mid-Autumn Festival - (see above )
• October 1st - National Day - Chinese citizens from all across the country take this day to celebrate their national pride.

Holidays for Some People in the People's Republic of China

• May 4th - Youth Day - Youth Day is a day designated for recognizing the work that young workers do in China. Workers between the ages of 14 and 24 get this day (sometimes a half-day) off from work.
• June 1st - Children's Day - School does not run on Children's Day and many communities offer free activities during this celebration. In 2008, Children's Day was used as a day to remember and mourn the young ones lost during the tragic Great Sichuan Earthquake which occurred this year.
• August 1st - Army Day - Any personnel of the Chinese military are given this day off as a tribute for their work and service.

Tips for ESL Teachers in China

• Taking some time to learn words and phrases to help make daily life run smoother will be worth the time and energy.
• The Internet can be a great tool to save money when an ESL teacher is booking a flight to China.
• Always remove any outdoor footwear upon entering someone's home.
• Being open-minded and spending some time exploring China is an excellent way for an ESL teacher to learn about their new 'home-away-from-home'.
• Be accepting and adaptive of Chinese culture.
• Learn about Chinese currency before leaving. Study the coins and paper yuan that make up the Chinese money system.
• Have someone with a good understanding of the Chinese language write out common phrases.

Teaching Requirements for Canadians in China

Getting a Chinese Working Visa

In order to teach English in China, prospective students must obtain a valid working visa. The good news is that receiving this document in China is much easier than in most countries around the world. Many schools will help their new teachers through this process, which can make things a lot easier. Unlike Japan, the government of the People's Republic of China currently has no working holiday visa agreements with outside nations.

English teachers that have been offered a job from a Chinese school and want to get their Chinese working visa can start the process by going to a Chinese embassy or consulate office (see below for locations). Applicants have the option of sending a travel agent instead of applying for their visa in person. It usually takes four days for a Chinese working visa to get processed, but this can be rushed for additional fees. The current price for the Chinese visa application process is $130 (call to confirm price beforehand) and there is no appointment needed. All of the application documents are available for download on Chinese embassy and consulate websites. It is recommended to print these documents and fill them out beforehand to save time. Otherwise, these forms can be received and filled out at the Chinese embassy or consulate office (see web site addresses for Chinese embassies and consulates below).

Documentation Needed for People's Republic of China Working Visa

• A passport that is valid for at least six months.
• One passport photo (the picture can be either black and white, or colour).
• If the applicant was born in China, they will need to bring any current or expired Chinese passports.
• An Alien Employment Licence form provided by the school offering employment, and an official letter of appointment with the school's seal. The school will also need to submit their tax ID information.
• If a teacher wants to bring family members with them, their names need to be mentioned on the letter offering employment. All family members applying to go to China will need to bring identification.
• Applicants may be asked for a resume written in Chinese.
• Teachers may be asked for Diplomas/Certificates that show their qualifications for the job.
• A clean criminal record.
• Certificate of health exam from a family doctor. Applicants must bring the health report to the meeting. Those who are ill with a mental disorder, HIV, tuberculosis, and other illnesses are going to face a harder time having their application approved.

Requirements for EU Citizens to Teach English in China

Unlike many ESL markets, the working visa requirements in China are the same for members of the European Union as they are for citizens of the United States or Canada. TESOL teachers from an EU nation must go to their local People’s Republic of China embassy or consulate and follow the same application process outlined above.

Embassy and Consulate Information in China

Canadian Embassy and Consulate Offices in The People Republic of China

Canadian Embassy in Beijing
19 Dongzhimenwai Dajie
Chao Yang District
Beijing 100600 PRC
City: Beijing
Phone: 86 10 5139 4000
Fax: 86 10 5139 4000
Email: beijing.consular@international.gc.ca
Website: http://geo.international.gc.ca/asia/china/locations/beijing/default-en.asp
Normal Hours: Monday to Thursday 8:00 am to 11:00 pm and 1:30 pm to 3:00 pm and Friday 9:00 am to noon

The Consulate General of Canada in Hong Kong
12th to 14th Floor, One Exchange Square Central
Hong Kong SAR,
People's Republic of China
City: Hong Kong
Phone: 852 3719 4700
Email: hkong@international.gc.ca
Website: http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/hong_kong/
Normal Hours: http://geo.international.gc.ca/asia/hongkong/menu-en.asp

Canadian Consulate in Chongqing
Canadian Consulate - Chongqing
Suite 1705, Metropolitan Tower
Wu Yi Lu, Yu Zhong District
Chongqing, 400010
City: Chongqing
Phone: 86 23 6373 8007
Fax: 86 23 6373 8026
Email: chonq@international.gc.ca
Website: http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/hong_kong/
Normal Hours: Monday to Thursday 9:00 am to 5:00 pm and Friday 9:00 am to 3:00 pm

Canadian Consulate General in Shanghai
Canadian Consulate General Shanghai
604, West Tower, 1376 Nanjing Road (West)
Shanghai, 200040, China
City: Shanghai
Phone: 86 21 3279 2800
Fax: 86 21 3279 2801
Email: shngi-cs@international.gc.ca
Website: http://geo.international.gc.ca/asia/china/locations/chongqing/default-en.asp
Normal Hours: Monday to Friday 8:30 am to noon and 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm

The Consulate General of Canada in Guangzhou
The Consulate General of Canada
Suite 801, China Hotel Office Tower
Liu Hua Lu
Guangzhou 510015
City: Guangzhou
Phone: 86 20 8666 0569
Fax: 86 20 8667 2401
Email: ganzug@international.gc.ca
Website: http://geo.international.gc.ca/asia/china/locations/guangzhou/default-en.asp
Normal Hours: Monday to Thursday 9:00 am to 5:00 pm and Friday 9:00 am to 1:00 pm

The American Embassy and Consulate Offices in The People Republic of China

United States Embassy of Beijing, China
No. 55 An Jia Lou Lu 100600
City: Beijing
Phone: 86 10 8531 3000
Fax: 86 10 8531 4200
Email: ircacee@state.gov
Website: http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn
Normal Hours: Monday to Thursday 8:00 am to 5:00 pm

U.S. Consulate General in Shanghai
Main U.S. Consulate General Building
1469 Huai Hai Zhong Road
(Near Wulumuqi Nan Lu)
200031 Shanghai, China
City: Shanghai
Phone: 86 21 3217 4650 ext. 2102,2103,2114
Fax: 86 21 6217 2071
Email: ShanghaiACS@state.gov
Website: http://shanghai.usembassy-china.org.cn
Normal Hours: Monday to Thursday 8:00 am to 5:00 pm

U.S. Consulate General in Chengdu
4 Lingshiguan Road
Chengdu, Sichuan 610041
China
City: Chengdu
Phone: 86 28 8558 3992/8558/9646
Fax: 86 28 8558 3520
Email: consularchengdu@state.gov
Website: http://chengdu.usembassy-china.org.cn/
Normal Hours: Monday to Thursday 8:30 am to 5:30 pm

U.S, Consulate General in Shenyang
52, 14th Wei Road, Heping District, 110003
PSC 461, Box 45, FPO AP 96521-0002
City: Shenyang
Phone: 86 24 2322 1198
Fax: 86 24 2322 2374
Website: http://shenyang.usembassy-china.org.cn/
Normal Hours: Monday to Friday 7:00 am 7:00 pm and Saturday 8:00 am to 5:00 pm

U.S. Consulate General in Guangzhou
No. 1 Shamian Street South,
Guangzhou 510133
City: Guangzhou
Phone: 86 020 8121 8000
Fax: 86 020 8121 9001
Email: pf-ircgz@state.gov
Website: http://guangzhou.usembassy-china.org.cn/
Normal Hours: Monday to Friday 7:00 am 7:00 pm and Saturday 8:00 am to 5:00 pm

U.S. Consulate General in Wuhan
New World International Trade Tower I
No. 568, Jianshe Avenue
Hankou, Wuhan 430022
City: Wuhan
Phone: 027 8555 7791
Fax: 027 8555 7761
Email: wencx@state.gov
Website: http://wuhan.usembassy-china.org.cn/

British Embassy and Consulate Offices in The People's Republic of China

British Embassy in Beijing
11 Guanghua Lu
Jianguomenwai
Beijing, 100600
City: Beijing
Phone: 86 10 5192 4000
Fax: 86 10 6532 1937/8/9
Email: consular.beijing@fco.gov.uk
Website: http://www.uk.cn
Normal Hours: Monday to Friday from 8:30 am to 1:30 pm
Visa Application Hours: Monday to Friday 8:30 am 1:30 pm

British Consulate-General in Guangzhou
Guangdong International Hotel, 2nd Floor
339 Huanshi Dong Lu
Guangzhou 510098
City: Guangzhou
Phone: 86 20 8314 3000
Fax: 86 20 8331 2799
Email: consular.guangzhou@fco.gov.uk
Website: http://ukinchina.fco.gov.uk/en/
Normal Hours: Monday to Friday 9:00 am to 5:00 pm (office closed for a one-hour lunch starting at 12:30 pm)

British Consulate-General in Shanghai
Suite 301, Shanghai Centre
1376 Nanjing Xi Lu Shanghai 200040
Guangzhou 510098
City: Shanghai
Phone: 86 21 3279 2000
Fax: 86 21 6279 7651
Website: http://ukinchina.fco.gov.uk/
Email: britishconsulate.shanghai@fco.gov.uk
Normal Hours: Monday to Thursday from 8:30 am to 12:30 pm
Visa Application Hours: Monday to Friday 8:30 am 12:30 pm and 1:30 pm to 5:00 pm, Friday 8:30 am to 12:30 pm and 1:30 pm to 3:30 pm

British Consulate-General in Chongqing
Suite 2801, Metropolitan Tower
68 Zourong Road
Yu Zhong District
Chongqing 400010
City: Chongqing
Phone: 86 23 6369 1500
Fax: 86 23 6369 1525
Email: consular.chongqing@fco.gov.uk
Website: http://ukinchina.fco.gov.uk/
Normal Hours: Monday to Friday 9:00 am to noon and 1:00 pm to 5:00 pm

British Consulate-General in Hong Kong
1 Supreme Court Road
Hong Kong
City: Hong Kong
Phone: 852 2901 3000
Fax: 852 2901 3066
Website: http://ukinhongkong.fco.gov.uk/en/
Normal Hours: Monday to Friday 9:00 am to noon and 1:00 pm to 5:15 pm

Irish Embassy and Consulate Offices in The People's Republic of China

Irish Embassy in Beijing
3 Ritan Dong Lu, Beijing 100600, People's Republic of China
City: Beijing
Phone: 86 10 6532 269
Fax: 86 10 6532 6857
Email: beijing@dfa.ie
Website: http://www.embassyofireland.cn/
Normal Hours: Monday to Thursday 9:00 am to 12:30 pm and 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm

Irish Embassy in Hong Kong
c/o Heidrick & Struggles
Suite 1408, Two Pacific Place
88 Queensway, Hong Kong
City: Hong Kong
Phone: 85 22527 4897
Fax: 85 22824 9127
Email: info@consulateofireland.hk

Irish Embassy in Shanghai
Consulate General of Ireland ,
Suite 700A , Shanghai Centre,
1376 Nanjing Road West
Shanghai 200040,
People's Republic of China
City: Shanghai
Phone: 86 21 6279 8729
Fax: 86 21 6279 8739
Email: shanghai@dfa.ie
Hours: Monday to Thursday from 9:30 am to 12:30 pm

Australian Embassy and Consulate Offices in The People Republic of China

Australian Embassy in Beijing
21 Dongzhimenwai Dajie
Beijing 100600
People's Republic of China
City: Beijing
Phone: 010 5140 4111
Fax: 010 5140 4204
Website: http://www.china.embassy.gov.au
Email: pubaff.beijing@dfat.gov.au
Hours: Monday to Thursday 8:30 am to 5:00 pm

Australian Embassy in Shanghai
Level 22, Citic Square
1168 Nanjing West Road
Shanghai, 200041
City: Shanghai
Phone: 021 2215 5200
Fax: 021 2215 5252
Website: http://www.shanghai.china.embassy.gov.au
Email: consular.shanghai@dfat.gov.au
Hours: Monday to Thursday 8:30 am to 5:00 pm

New Zealand's Embassy and Consulate Offices in China
1 Ritan Dongerjie
Chaoyang District
Beijing 100600
City: Beijing
Phone: 86 10 8532 7000
Fax: 86 10 6532 4317
Website: http://www.nzembassy.com/
Email: beijing.enquiries@mft.net.nz
Hours: Monday to Friday 8:30 am to 5:00 pm

New Zealand Consulate General in Guangzhou
New Zealand Consulate General
Room1055
China Hotel Office Tower
Liuhua Road
Guangzhou 510015
City: Guangdong
Phone: 020 8667 0253
Fax: 020 8666 6420
Email: guangzhou@nzte.govt.nz
Hours: Monday to Friday 8:30 am to 5:00 pm

New Zealand Consulate General in Shanghai
New Zealand Consulate General
Room 1605-1607A, The Centre
989 Chang Le Road (c)
Shanghai 200031
City: Shanghai
Phone: 86 21 5407 5858
Fax: 86 21 5407 5068
Email: shanghai.enquiries@mft.net.nz
Hours: Monday to Friday 8:30 am to 5:00 pm

Embassy and Consulate Information Outside China

Chinese Embassy and Consulate Offices in Canada
Embassy of the People's Republic of China
515 St. Patrick Street,
Ottawa, Ontario, KIN 5H3
City: Ottawa
Phone: 604-734-0704
Fax: 604-734-0311
Website: http://www.chinaembassycanada.org
Email: chinaemb_ca@mfa.gov.cn
Normal Hours: Monday through Friday 9:00 am to noon and 2:00 pm to 5:30 pm
Visa Application Hours: Monday through Friday 9:00 am to 1 pm

Consular Service District: Ottawa Region, Quebec, Newfoundland & Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.
Consulate general offices are located in major cities and offer full services including consular services. Honourary consulates offer a limited range of services including consular services. A full list of Chinese consulates in Canada can be found at:
http://www.chinaembassycanada.org/eng/sgxx/t37672.htm

Chinese Embassy and Consulate Offices in the United States
Embassy of the People's Republic of China
2300 Connecticut Ave NW,
Washington, DC 20008-1724
City:Washington, DC
Phone: 202-328-2500
Website: http://www.china-embassy.org/eng
Email: chinaembassy_us@fmprc.gov.cn

Consulate general offices are located in major cities and offer full services including consular services. Honourary consulates offer a limited range of services including consular services. A full list of Chinese consulates in the US can be found at:
http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/hzqz/t84229.htm

* Exchange rates are subject to change. Check www.xe.com for current rates.
** Information is updated regularly, so check back for more details about teaching English in China
† The Big Mac Index is a credible, reliable, third-party cost-of-living index created by The Economist. For comparison purposes, it lists the cost of a Canadian Big Mac at $4.16.

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